What Is the Due Diligence Period in Real Estate? Complete Buyer’s Guide

Quick answer: The due diligence period is the time between an accepted offer and closing, when a buyer investigates the property, schedules inspections, reviews disclosures, and ensures it meets expectations before finalizing the purchase.

You put an offer on a home and it’s been accepted, now the due diligence period begins. In real estate, the due diligence period is the time between an accepted offer and closing. You can schedule inspections, review the title, secure an appraisal, and check for any red flags that could affect your decision to buy.

Whether you’re buying a home in Atlanta, GA, Madison, WI, or Fresno, CA this Redfin guide will walk you through what due diligence means for buyers, what typically happens during this phase.

What is due diligence in real estate?

The due diligence period in real estate happens after an offer is accepted and before closing. This allows the buyer to inspect the property, verify its condition, confirm it meets expectations, and fulfill lender financing requirements.

In some states, buyers may also pay due diligence money—a non-refundable fee paid directly to the seller in exchange for this inspection window. While not required everywhere, it’s an important part of the process in certain markets and is separate from the earnest money deposit.

What is the difference between due diligence money and earnest money?

Both due diligence money and earnest money show the seller that a buyer is serious, but they serve different purposes and are handled differently.

Due diligence money

• Paid directly to the seller.
• Typically non-refundable, even if the buyer backs out.
• Compensates the seller for taking the home off the market during the inspection window.
• Only required in certain states (commonly North Carolina, for example).
  

Earnest money

• Paid into an escrow account and applied to closing costs or the down payment.
• Usually refundable if the buyer cancels for a valid reason (inspection problems, appraisal issues, financing).
• Acts as a good-faith deposit to show commitment.

What happens in the due diligence period?

When buying a home, it’s important to gather all the details you need to make a confident decision. During the due diligence period, the buyer is allowed a set amount of time, typically outlined in the purchase agreement, to fully investigate the property before finalizing the sale. 

Here’s what you can expect to happen during this stage.

1. Home inspection

Buyers hire a licensed inspector to evaluate the condition of the home, checking for structural issues, roof damage, plumbing problems, and electrical safety. While a general inspection covers the basics, buyers should also be aware of issues that might not be directly visible.

Shanna Griffin, Vice President of Strategic Initiatives at Disrupt Equity, shares a red flag to look out for, “deferred water intrusion at building transitions is one of the most overlooked red flags. Areas like balcony connections, window perimeters, roof-to-wall interfaces, and penetrations can often pass a standard inspection because there’s no visible damage yet. But failed sealants, aging flashing, or improper detailing at these transition points can quietly allow moisture into the structure.”

She continues, “The real cost doesn’t show up until years later, when you’re dealing with rot, mold remediation, structural repairs, or large-scale exterior restoration. A savvy buyer looks beyond current appearance and asks how these assemblies were built, maintained, and whether they’re approaching the end of their effective service life. Catching these early can mean the difference between a manageable maintenance plan and a seven-figure capital event.”

If your inspection reveals these types of major problems, you have the opportunity to request repairs, negotiate credits, or even walk away from the deal depending on your contract.

2. Home appraisal

Lenders typically require a home appraisal by a licensed third party to confirm market value. For an FHA home loan, the appraisal is more critical, requiring the appraiser to verify the property meets HUD’s minimum safety, security, and structural standards before loan finalization. A low appraisal compared to the purchase price can force renegotiation or create an appraisal gap issue.

Buyers have options if an appraisal falls short:

• Renegotiate with the seller to lower the purchase price.
• Pay the difference out-of-pocket.
• Terminate the agreement, if the contract allows.
• Some buyers use an appraisal gap clause to specify how much they’ll pay above the appraised value.

>> Read: What is a Home Appraisal? How the Process Works

3. Title search and insurance

A thorough title search confirms the seller’s legal ownership and identifies any liens, encumbrances, or claims against the property, while title insurance adds protection by covering financial losses from unforeseen defects like undisclosed heirs or recording errors.

4. Property survey

During due diligence, a licensed property surveyor may confirm the property’s legal boundaries, property lines and mapping structures, easements, and encroachments. This report can reveal issues like a neighbor’s fence crossing onto the property or restrictions on where you can build, helping buyers address potential problems before closing.

5. Review of seller disclosures

Sellers are required in most cases to provide a written disclosure detailing any known issues with the property. Buyers review these documents and learn about any pre-existing conditions or problems. The specific information included varies by federal, state, and local laws.

This review typically includes:

• Disclosure forms: These forms detail any known defects or issues with the property, such as leaks, structural problems, mechanical issues, or pest infestations.
• Property history: Information about past repairs, renovations, or insurance claims related to the property.
• Property boundaries: Documentation or surveys that outline the exact property lines, helping identify any encroachments, easements, or disputes with neighboring properties.
• Environmental hazards: Disclosures related to potential environmental issues like lead-based paint or asbestos.
• Neighborhood concerns: Any known issues with neighbors, noise complaints, or local community developments that might impact the property.

6. Homeowners association (HOA) rules

HOAs ensure community safety and protection by enforcing rules. If a property is part of an HOA, you’ll receive documents outlining rules, fees, and responsibilities during due diligence. These rules can affect home use and modification, so review them carefully.

Common HOA regulations might include:

• Restrictions on exterior paint colors or home additions.
• Landscaping requirements or limitations.
• Rules about short-term rentals or leasing your home.
• Pet restrictions or noise ordinances.
• Monthly or annual fees for community upkeep.

7. Zoning rules

Confirm zoning aligns with your property plans, as regulations dictate usage, additions, and home-based businesses. For instance, local zoning laws determine if rental units or detached garages are permitted.

8. Homeowners insurance

While not legally required, most lenders mandate homeowners insurance for loan approval. If a property has high-risk features, it can be difficult or even impossible to find a carrier willing to cover it, which can jeopardize your financing.

Jay Zemansky of Sadler & Company shares, “homeowners can contact their agent to do a fire line score for their house, also is their roof in good shape and check the main power box to see what type of panel as several older ones are uninsurable for many carriers.

Ensuring the home meets these insurance standards early in the due diligence period prevents a last-minute financing collapse if a carrier refuses to cover the property.

9. Final decision

After completing the inspections and research, buyers decide whether to move forward with the purchase, renegotiate terms, or cancel the contract without penalty (if still within the due diligence window).

What if issues are found during due diligence?

Discovering problems with the property is common and the due diligence window is the time to address them. If issues come up, buyers typically have several options:

• Negotiate repairs: Request that the seller fix the issues before closing.
• Ask for a credit: Instead of repairs, the seller may offer money back at closing to cover the cost.
• Renegotiate the price: If repairs are significant, buyers can push for a lower purchase price.
• Walk away: If the problems are too big or costly, buyers can back out without penalty (if still within the due diligence window).

How long is the due diligence period?

The due diligence period usually lasts 7–14 days, but the exact length depends on the purchase agreement and local customs. In some states it’s defined by law—for example, North Carolina typically allows 14–21 days, while California inspection contingency period is often 17 days unless negotiated otherwise.

State and market variations in due diligence periods

Real estate due diligence periods vary in duration and rules based on state law and local custom. Some areas require “due diligence money,” while others use the inspection contingency period.

Tip: Always confirm state-specific regulations with your Redfin agent or attorney. Local customs and market competition can significantly affect inspection and decision timelines.

How to prepare for the due diligence period

Getting ready for due diligence can help you move quickly and confidently once your offer is accepted. Because this phase involves many moving parts, staying organized is your best defense against stress.

Founder and CEO of Virtudesk, Pavel Stepanov, offers his organizational advice, “the simpler your system, the safer your deal. One shared checklist, one place for files, and one person helping you track progress can remove most of the stress from due diligence.” 

To set yourself up for a successful and organized due diligence period, follow these steps:

• Line up your team: Secure inspectors and surveyors before your offer is accepted to ensure immediate scheduling.
• Review docs early: Scrutinize seller disclosures, HOA rules, and zoning laws to avoid last-minute surprises.
• Track deadlines: Mark all due diligence dates on your calendar to protect your right to negotiate or withdraw.
• Ready your funds: Have money set aside for fees, deposits, and any specialized inspections you may need.
• Build a checklist: Tailor your research tasks to your specific priorities and the unique features of the home.
• Stay in sync: Maintain constant communication with your Redfin agent to ensure they can advocate for you effectively.

FAQ about due diligence in real estate

1. Is due diligence required when buying a home?

While due diligence is not legally required, it is strongly recommended for homebuyers. It allows for property inspection and title verification, giving buyers the critical option to cancel the sale if major issues are found, preventing costly post-transaction surprises.

2. What happens if issues come up during inspections?

If inspections uncover major problems, buyers can negotiate repairs, request credits, or withdraw as permitted by the contract. The due diligence period shields buyers from purchasing a property with unknown defects.

3. What happens after the due diligence period ends?

Once the due diligence period ends, the buyer’s right to cancel without penalty typically expires. Canceling after this point may result in losing earnest money, so all negotiations should be finalized before the deadline.

4. Due diligence money vs. earnest money: what’s the difference?

Due diligence money is a non-refundable payment to the seller for taking the home off the market. Earnest money is refundable under contingencies and is applied toward closing costs, but both show the buyer is serious.

5. Is due diligence different for condos or homes with HOAs?

Yes. Buyers should review HOA rules, budgets, and reserve studies to identify restrictions, upcoming assessments, or maintenance issues that might impact ownership or resale value.